Estimating Azimuth and Elevation from Interaural Differences
نویسنده
چکیده
Modeling of human auditory localization has largely been limited to lateralization, or left-to-right position. This paper describes an attempt to tackle the more complicated problem of position estimation with two degrees of freedom (azimuth and elevation). Differences in interaural intensity and arrival time are extracted from the acoustic signals at the left and right eardrums, and an estimate of position is formed which is optimal for certain classes of source signals. Examples of “spatial likelihood maps” generated by the model are given and the types of errors made by the model are quantified. It is suggested that such a model may work well in conjunction with a spectral cue model like the one suggested by Zakarauskas and Cynader (J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., Vol. 94, 1993, pp. 1323-1331).
منابع مشابه
The bat head-related transfer function reveals binaural cues for sound localization in azimuth and elevation.
Directional properties of the sound transformation at the ear of four intact echolocating bats, Eptesicus fuscus, were investigated via measurements of the head-related transfer function (HRTF). Contributions of external ear structures to directional features of the transfer functions were examined by remeasuring the HRTF in the absence of the pinna and tragus. The investigation mainly focused ...
متن کاملBinaural Partial Tracking
Partial tracking in sinusoidal models have been studied for over twenty years now, and have been enhanced, making it precise and useful to analyse noiseless harmonic sounds. However, such tools have always been used in a monophonic (single channel) context. A method is thus proposed to adapt the partial tracking to the case of binaural signals. This gives a tool to perform spectral analysis of ...
متن کاملSensitivity to sound-source elevation in nontonotopic auditory cortex.
We have demonstrated that the spike patterns of auditory cortical neurons carry information about sound-source location in azimuth. The question arises as to whether those units integrate the multiple acoustical cues that signal the location of a sound source or whether they merely demonstrate sensitivity to a specific parameter that covaries with sound-source azimuth, such as interaural level ...
متن کاملNeural maps of interaural time and intensity differences in the optic tectum of the barn owl.
This report describes the binaural basis of the auditory space map in the optic tectum of the barn owl (Tyto alba). Single units were recorded extracellularly in ketamine-anesthetized birds. Unit tuning for interaural differences in timing and intensity of wideband noise was measured using digitally synthesized sound presented through earphones. Spatial receptive fields of the same units were m...
متن کاملPrediction of Perceived Elevation Using Multiple Pseudo-binaural Microphones
Computational auditory models that predict the perceived location of sound sources in terms of azimuth are already available, yet little has been done to predict perceived elevation. Interaural time and level differences, the primary cues in horizontal localisation, do not resolve source elevation, resulting in the ‘Cone of Confusion’. In natural listening, listeners can make head movements to ...
متن کامل